Which of the following birds are not protected under the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act?

Pigeons, house sparrows, and starlings are identified as non-native species and are not protected under the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act. This Act primarily serves to protect migratory birds that are native to North America, ensuring their conservation and management. Non-native species, like the ones mentioned, can often adapt well to urban environments and tend to have populations that are stable or in decline, thus not requiring the same level of protection as native migratory species.

In contrast, eagles, hawks, owls, herons, ducks, geese, and songbirds, including robins, are all protected under the Act, reflecting the commitment to preserving native bird populations and their habitats.